Key Takeaways
- Learn basic inverter input and output schemes
- Various inverters and how are they created
- For consumer power inverters and other applications
An inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). They take power from a DC source and convert it into electricity; They do not produce any additional electricity and are therefore not generators. The input and output voltages and frequencies are specific to each individual inverter and their design task. Inverters used in high current and high voltage applications are called power inverters. Inverters used in low current and low voltage applications are called oscillators. The circuit that converts AC to DC is called a rectifier. In this article, we will delve into inverters and their functions, design, and applications.
Inverter Functionality: Input and Output
The inverter uses a stable DC power supply as input. Common input values range from low voltage to hundreds, depending on the design of the inverter. For example, 12 V DC inputs are commonly used in consumer and commercial inverters powered by rechargeable lead-acid batteries or other automotive power outlets. Home energy systems can use direct current of 24v, 36v or 48v, while inverters in photovoltaic solar panels can have inputs of 200 to 400v. Some inverters reach hundreds of thousands of volts in HVDC transmission systems.
The AC signal output by the inverter is usually sine wave, square wave, or modified quasi-sine wave, depending on the application. Inverter signal outputs designed to replicate the main power supply are typically 50 or 60 Hz at 120 or 240 VAC to match standard power line frequencies and voltages. In cases where further processing or increased output is required, the output frequency may be much higher to improve transformer efficiency.
The power limit of the inverter is expressed in watts or kilowatts. This value describes the amount of power that can be driven by the inverter and the amount of power required by the DC power supply (excluding inefficiencies).